Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been rapidly changing the balance of gases in the atmosphere. How greenhouse gases cause global warming In a paper presented in 1895, Arrhenius figured out that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide could trap heat close to the Earth's surface, and that small changes in the amount of those gases could make a big difference in how much heat is trapped. Gases in the atmosphere trap this heat, preventing it from escaping into the void of space (good news for life on the planet). Simply put, solar radiation hits Earth's surface and then bounces back toward the atmosphere as heat. That "smart guy" was Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist and eventual recipient of a Nobel Prize in chemistry. Global warming is a synonym for climate change, though " climate change" has become the preferred term among scientists. The burning of fossil fuels has released greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap warmth from the sun and drive up surface and air temperatures. Modern global warming is caused by humans. In 2020, the average global temperature over land and ocean was 1.76 F (0.98 C) warmer than the 20th-century average of 57.0 F (13.9 C). The years 20 both came within fractions of degrees of knocking 2016 off its perch. So far, 2016 is the hottest year on record, but that record has been close to falling several times already. This has led to an overall 3.6 F (2 C) increase in global average temperature today compared with the preindustrial era. Since 1981, the rate of increase has sped up, to 0.32 F (0.18 C) per decade. Here are the bare numbers, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Between 18, the global annual temperature increased at a rate of 0.13 degrees Fahrenheit (0.07 degrees Celsius) per decade, on average.
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